Aim-

To grow mashroom on sugarcane bagasse.

Definition of Mashroom-

An enlarged complex aboveground fleshy fruiting body of a fungus (such as a basidiomycete) that consists typically of a stem bearing a pileus.

Benefits of Mashroom-

  • Mushroom are packed with nutritional value.
  • They’re low in calories, are great sources of fiber and protein (good for plant-based diets). 
  • They also provide many important nutrients, including B vitamins, selenium, potassium, copper, and (particularly when exposed to the sun) vitamin D.
  • Mushrooms have a lot of nutritional value with few calories and little fat. They also contain two types of dietary fibers, beta-glucans and chitin, which increase satiety and reduce appetite.
  • All types of edible mushrooms contain varying degrees of protein and fibre. They also contain B vitamins as well as a powerful antioxidant called selenium, which helps to support the immune system and prevent damage to cells and tissues.
  • Mushrooms are being increasingly researched and used for their important health benefits with different varieties having different medicinal properties.

Objective of Mashroom cultivation-

  • To maintain humidity.
  • • To avoid the direct entry of sunlight in dome.
  • • To check the mushroom growth of mushroom on different media(bagasse and paddy straw).
  • • To increase the production and consumption of mushrooms.
Mushroom cultivation

Types of Mashroom-

Button Mushroom (Agaricus spp.)

Button Mushroom (Agaricus spp.) is the most popular mushroom variety grown and consumed the world over. In India, its production earlier was limited to the winter season, but with technology development, these are produced almost throughout the year in small, medium and large farms, adopting different levels of technology. The species being grown in most farms is the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) belonging to Class Basidiomycetes and Family Agaricaceae.

Image result for button mushroom

Button Mushroom (Agaricus spp.)


Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.)

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) belonging to Class Basidiomycetes and Family Agaricaceae is popularly known as ‘dhingri’ in India and grows naturally in the temperate and tropical forests on dead and decaying wooden logs or sometimes on dying trunks of deciduous or coniferous woods. It may also grow on decaying organic matter. The fruit bodies of this mushroom are distinctly shell or spatula shaped with different shades of white, cream, grey, yellow, pink or light brown depending upon the species.

It is one of the most suitable fungal organisms for producing protein rich food from various agro-wastes or forest wastes without composting.   

Image result for Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.)

Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella spp.)

The paddy straw mushroom is having good combinations of all attributes like flavour, aroma, delicacy, high content of protein and vitamins and minerals, because of which, the acceptability of this mushroom is no way less than much popular white button mushroom. It is an edible mushroom of the topics and subtropics, and began to be cultivated in China as early as 1822. Around 1932-, the straw mushroom was introduced into the Philippines, Malaysia, and other south-east Asian countries by overseas Chinese. Since then, its cultivation has been conducted in various countries outside of the region. The fruiting body formation starts with tiny clusters of white hyphal aggregates called primordia and it is followed by several morphological stages in the fruiting body development process. The successive stages are called as “button”, “eggs”, “elongation”, “mature” stages respectively. Differentiation can be seen first at the ‘button’ stage. At maturity the buttons enlarge and umbrella like fruit bodies emerge after the rupture of the volva.

Image result for Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella spp.)

Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella spp.)

Steps involve in Mashroom cultivation-

Dome preparation-

I was firstly prepare the dome for mashroom cultivation. In which I was firstly make sure that all windows and door of dome would be closed for avoiding the direct sunlight and entry of mosquitoes, any other insects. Then maintained the temperature between 22° C to 28° C and humidity 65% to 70%. Because this temperature and humidity is more suitable for mashroom cultivation. In India temp is high so we must have to maintained the temperature.

Dome

for maintaining the temperature and humidity following two steps was proceed by me.

Insulation of dome-

i was insulate the dome roof by thermocol (Polystyrene) and cover
by the net for avoiding the direct sunlight on dome. Because of this outer insulation temp can maintained.

Fogger installation-

fogger spread the water in form of fog. due to spreading water the humidity of dome is increases. also due to water spreading temperature are maintained. I was install fogger for humidity and temperature control.

Fogger installation

Collecting Spawn and substrate-

I was buy ready-to-inoculate spawn, which are carried by suppliers or any mashroom project.

We have also need to collect the substrate. Many growers use straw or any other substrate. For the research I have use the Sugarcane bagasse. Bagasse can available from sugar factory for any sugarcane juice center.

Preparing the substrate-

I was prepared first substrate of paddy straw. The length of paddy straw was too long so I was use Kutti machine for reducing the length of straw in 2inch to 3inch and filling this straw in one sack.

Sterilization of substrate-

Sterlization is most important method for mashroom cultivation. If sterilization of substrate is not done properly then production of mashroom may be less quantity.

There are following two methods of sterilization-

First method-

I was took one tnk of 500 liter than added 450 liter of water in the tank. in that tank I was added 450ml of formaldehyde and 31gm of Bavistine. Formaldehyde used for killing bacteria and Bavistine used as a fungicide. at last added the sack of paddy straw in tank and took for 15-20hrs for sterilization.

Second method-

Sterilization done in autoclave. The sack of bagasse put in autoclave at
120° C for proper sterilization and then it was kept for cooling on clean surface.

Packing of plastic bags-

I have used plastic bags measuring as mushroom beds. I have opened the bag and put a handful of straw inside it. I has pressed the straw down tightly, to make a layer 3 – 5 cm thick at the bottom of the bag.

I have Continue add 3 – 4 additional layers in the same way until filled the bag.Then I have closed the mouth of the bag with a thread.

Packing of plastic bags

I have tie the bags each to other with nylon rope (2 – 3 bags per rope) and hang them in dome.

Hanging of bag

Observation of temperature and humidity-

12 June 2019

TimeDry Bulb
temperature		Wet bulb
temperature		Humidity
10:00 AM25oC22oC76%
11:00 AM26oC23oC76.60%
12:00 PM26oC23oC76.60%
1:00 PM27oC24oC77.10%
2:00 PM26oC23oC76.60%
3:00 PM27oC24oC77.10%
4:00 PM28oC24oC70.60%
5:00 PM26oC23oC76.60%

13 June 2019

TimeDry Bulb
temperature		Wet bulb
temperature		Humidity
10:00 AM24oC22oC83.30%
11:00 AM25oC23oC83.70%
12:00 PM26oC23oC76.60%
1:00 PM27oC23oC70.00%
2:00 PM28oC24oC70.60%
3:00 PM27oC23oC70.06%
4:00 PM29oC25oC71.20%
5:00 PM27oC23oC70.06%

14 June 2019

TimeDry Bulb
temperature		Wet bulb
temperature		Humidity
10:00 AM25oC23oC83.70%
11:00 AM26oC23oC76.60%
12:00 PM28oC23oC63.90%
1:00 PM29oC23oC58.04%
2:00 PM28oC24oC58.04%
3:00 PM30oC25oC65.04%
4:00 PM27oC23oC70.00%
5:00 PM26oC23oC76.60%

15 June 2019

TimeDry Bulb
temperature		Wet bulb
temperature		Humidity
10:00 AM25oC23oC83.70%
11:00 AM25oC23oC83.70%
12:00 PM25oC23oC83.70%
1:00 PM26oC24oC77.10%
2:00 PM29oC24oC64.40%
3:00 PM27oC24oC77.10%
4:00 PM28oC24oC70.60%
5:00 PM29oC25oC71.20%

17 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 25oC 22oC 76%
11:00 AM 26oC 23oC 76.60%
12:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%
1:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%
2:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%
3:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%
4:00 PM 28oC 24oC 70.60%
5:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%

18 June 2019

19 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 22oC 26oC 69.30%
11:00 AM 22oC 26oC 69.30%
12:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%
1:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%
2:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%
3:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%
4:00 PM 28oC 24oC 70.60%
5:00 PM 26oC 23oC 76.60%

19 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 24oC 26oC 84.10%
11:00 AM 24oC 26oC 84.10%
12:00 PM 23oC 27oC 70.00%
1:00 PM 23oC 27oC 70.00%
2:00 PM 23oC 27oC 70.00%
3:00 PM 23oC 27oC 70.00%
4:00 PM 25oC 27oC 84.40%
5:00 PM 24oC 24oC 76.60%

20 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 27oC 23oC 70.00%
11:00 AM 26oC 22oC 69.30%
12:00 PM 28oC 23oC 69.90%
1:00 PM 29oC 24oC 65.70%
2:00 PM 29oC 24oC 65.70%
3:00 PM 30oC 24oC 59.20%
4:00 PM 30oC 25oC 65.40%
5:00 PM 31oC 25oC 60.00%

21 June 2019

In observation it was found that the bed were damage due to the green mold on the bed. Which is the cellulolytic filamentous funges, which frequently contaminates mashroom substrates. Green mold causes economic losses and dangerous for mashroom growth.

then the green mold was taken out by cutting the section with sterilized blade.

  • Green mold
Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 26oC 22oC 69.30%
02:00 PM 31oC 25oC 60.00%
05:00 PM 28oC 24oC 70.60%

22 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 26oC 22oC 69.30%
02:00 PM 28oC 23oC 63.90%
05:00 PM 28oC 24oC 70.60%

24 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 25oC 22oC 76.00%
02:00 PM 25oC 22oC 76.00%
05:00 PM 23oC 22oC 91.30%

25 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 27oC 23oC 70.00%
02:00 PM 29oC 24oC 64.70%
05:00 PM 28oC 24oC 70.60%

26 June 2019

GT Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 23oC 22oC 91.30%
02:00 PM 25oC 22oC 76.00%
05:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%

27 June 2019

Time Dry Bulb
temperature 		Wet bulb
temperature 		Humidity
10:00 AM 24oC 22oC 83.40%
02:00 PM 28oC 25oC 76.60%
05:00 PM 27oC 24oC 77.10%

CONCLUSIONS

Mushroom cultivation is not profitable in monsoon season. Green mold is growing on the bagasse
instead of Mushroom because of environment. But bagasse is good for Mushroom cultivation.