1. Initial Design, Development and Trials

Posted by AMOL KHAMKAR on 21 JUN 2018EDIT

Project Background –

Near Bhimashankar there is a village Taleghar in Khed Taluka of Pune District. The Shahid Rajguru Svayansevi Sanstha is making Ragi laddoo. To make the laddoo , they have to roast the ragi flour continuously . To roast the flour , there is so much manual power is required .

After taking all the trials on prototype with Intern we got results for 500 gm ragi flour. The mixing patterns we checked for Suji, Peanuts and Bhusa, It was good. This was assignment for me in which I helped and worked on the stirrer blade design and modifications.

With respect to above conclusions and discussions with Dixit sir we decided to develop stirrer system which can work for roasting Besan laddu flour and Ragi flour having capacity 2 kg.

Expected results and objectives

  1. The capacity of the stirrer will be 2kg.
  2. It must be simple to handle by anyone in kitchen.
  3. Loading and unloading must be easy.
  4. Adjustable stand and Height.
  5. The mixing should be uniform.
  • Detailed Design –

Vessel (Kadai) Details –

20180418_112434-e1529568826817.jpg

Fig. 1 Kadai Shape and dimensions

Radius of open end – 300 mm

Height from bottom to open end – 105 mm

Maximum capacity of kadai ( Ragi Flour ) – 2.5 kg


First Design Details –

By considering previous design of prototype the design procedure is classified as

  1. Motor selection
  2. Motor mounting frame
  3. Stand support bracket
  4. Stirrer design
  5. Motor Selection

Motor is the prime mover in this system. For selecting motor following are the factors important to consider.

  1. Required Torque
  2. Speed
  • Torque Calculations –

Torque is the twisting force that tends to cause rotation.

Mathematically Torque is,

T = F * r * sin(theta)

Where,

T = torque

F = linear force

r = distance measured from the axis of rotation to where the linear force is applied

theta = the angle between F and r

torque

unit of torque is a Newton-meter (Nm).

– r has units of meters (m)

F has units of Newtons (N)

Here, we need  to stir 2 kg flour. While finding torque needed it is very important to find out /consider the load distribution. Here in our application the vessel is Kadai (Fig. 1), so the load is considered coming between 3 cm to 5cm area of the stirrer profile.

So we have,

r = 4 cm = 0.04 m

F = m * a = 2 * 9.8067 = 19.6133 N

Therefore,

T = r * F = 0.04 * 19.6133 = 0.784532 Nm

( 1 Nm = 10.197162129779 kg-cm )

So,

T = 0.784532 * 10.197162129779 = 7.999 kg-cm

This torque is calculated as the torque coming at the center of the stirrer and the stirrer shaft.

From above calculations it is clear that our required motor would have torque ranging from 7.999 kg-cm to 8.8 kg-cm to stir 2 kg material. The torque requirement may increase since the losses and self weight of stirrer and shaft are not considered.

  • Speed Calculations –

From the observations taken from the trials of prototype we come to the conclusion that the speed of the motor should be i the range of 50 rpm to 60 rpm.

So, after considering above topics we finalize the AC synchronous motor with constant 60 rpm.

We buy of following configurations ;

AC SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

∼ 240 V, 1 PH, 50 Hz, 100 mA MAX, 60 RPM

TORQUE – 3 Kg-cm.

Here now situation is change of loading capacity and come to 1 kg.

i.e. we can stir 1 kg flour with current design.

Motor Drawing –

motor drawing

2. Motor mounting frame

After getting all motor dimensions motor mounting frame is design as follow using CATIA V5 for CAD modelling.

Motor
Motor Mounting bracket

Assembly of Motor and Mounting frame –

assembly-11.jpg

3. Stand support bracket –

To mount above assembly the mounting bracket is designed as follow

bracket-frame.jpg

4. Stirrer Blade with Shaft

The assembly of stirrer blade with Shaft is shown below

Stirrer Assembly

The stirrer is designed with reference to the stirrer profile used in prototype model with modifications in shape and dimensions.

5. Assembly –

The full assembly is shown as follow

full-assembly.jpg

The Animated model in stages

Stage 1 –

an-11.jpg

Stage 1

Stage 2 –

an-2.jpg

After animating the assembly it is observed that the stirrer blade moves outside of the pan  ( Kadhai), due to which the roasting material can stick and fall out of the pan.

So, this design is not approved to fabricate after discussing with Dixit Sir.

From this observation it is clear that if we move the stirrer vertically up and down then the above problem of falling the roasted material while unloading will not fall out.


Second Design Details –

From previous design it is clear that vertical movement of the stirrer is required while unloading the roast material.

  • The motor is same as in first design
  • Actual Motor
motor drawing

Motor mounting base Details

img_20180702_215917.jpg

The motor shown below is Ac Synchronous Motor of 60 Rpm and 3 Kg-cm torque capacity and 240 Volt AC, 100 mA configuration.

  • Motor Base Frame With locking mechanism

With the above dimensions of motor mounting base the frame and locking mechanism designed and fabricated as below

IMG_20180621_234347_HDR.jpg

The locking mechanism is given so that while unloading the pan the motor assembly along with stirrer can locked at upper side.

The locking mechanism is shown below –

img_20180621_234436_hdr.jpg
  • Stand with motor base frame carrying structure and vertical sliding mechanism

While selecting the sliding mechanism different ideas come like use of linear bearing and guide rod, sliding rail, etc. Finally the mechanism is made with simple flat bar as shown following.

img_20180621_234549_hdr.jpg
  • Mounting Frame

The mounting frame is required to install the whole system on pan or kadhai.

img_20180621_232426.jpg
Mounting Frame
  • Stirrer blade –
  1. Stirrer Blade Profile Design
Blade 1
Blade 1 drawing
Stirrer Blade CATIA Model and sketch

2. Stirrer Blade mounting Support Design

Stirrer Blade Support

Above stirrer blade components are designed in CATIA V5 and the .dxf file use to generate G-Codes to cut this profiles using CNC plasma cutter.

After cutting the profiles the complete assembly made as below ;

img_20180702_215835-e1530556184984.jpg
Stirrer Blade complete Assembly
  • Now complete assembly is made of all the above components
img_20180705_100913.jpg
Complete Nachani Roaster Assembly

Date : 28.06.2018

For reversing of the direction of rotation switch installed in motor connection circuit.

Trial taken using current model made on Suji ( Rava )

This trial taken to check the following parameters

  1. Actual capacity of the roaster in Kilograms
  2. Mixing ability of the stirrer with the current blade profile
  3. To know possible modifications.
img_20180716_155401.jpg
Trial on Suji (Rava )

Trial Details :

  1. Quantity of Suji (Rawa) stirred – 410 gm.

From these trial it is found that the capacity of motor is too low.

It is important to install higher capacity torque motor to increase the capacity of the roaster.

With trial observations new motor of 10 kg.cm purchase and it is found that the previous connections to the motor was made wrong due to which motor was reversing automatically and fail to give its optimum output.

With the help of Avinash connections to motor made properly and trial taken with the old motor.

Trial Video check below,


Trial Details after modifications :

  1. Quantity of Suji (Rawa) Stirred – 960 gm.

From the trial it is observed that the resistance by the blade is more since it doesn’t have open space. To solve this problem the blade modified by cutting the central portion of blade and then the aluminium foil wrapped around the blade to perform scrapping of the roasting material from the bottom of pan to avoid burning of the material.

Trial taken after above modifications and it is observed that the resistance due to aluminium foil extension reduced the capacity of thee motor to stir the material to 700 gm.

Observations :

The aluminium foil starts wearing and its small particles get mixed into the suji.

Solution – The aluminium foil replaced using flexible food grade Teflon sheet as shown below.

img_20180814_110406.jpg
Stirrer blade with attached Teflon scrapper

The model is tested then for Rawa on 10th August, 2018 ;

Trial Readings –

  1. 300 gm Rawa roasted in 8 min on full flame gas burner successfully.
  2. 460 gm Rawa roasted in 14 min on full flame gas burner successfully.

Date – 11/08/2018

Visit to the Shahid Rajguru Svayansevi Sanstha, Taleghar at the place of the end user to show the trial of Nachani Roaster.

Trial taken using Ragi (Nachani) flour in Ghee and the observations are as follow,

  1. The formation of dough of flour in single block happen due to which the roasting not occur evenly.
  2. Center portion of the flour and ghee mixture remains un mixed properly.

With above observations and experience it is found that lot of modifications are necessary in the blade profile and trial must be taken on Ragi flour in gee.

At Taleghar the process of making the mixture and stages of addding the flour in ghee get known from Mr Sunil and Mr Ashok Joshi and also we discuss in brief about the current model , also I got some useful suggestions from them as there feedback.


With the trial experience at Taleghar I started working on modification of blade profile and 1st modification done as below ;

IMG_20180911_214008
1st Blade modification

By taking trial using above modified blade profile I come to know that 20 % results are improved and new profile designed and cut using CNC PLASMA Cutting machine.

img_20180911_214032.jpg
2nd modified blade profile
IMG_20180911_214042
3rd modified blade profile

With this 3rd design trial the results are good for mixing but need to modify it. So the 4th modified blade profile made as following ;

img_20180911_214051.jpg
4th modified blade profile

In this profile the blade has given proper angles due to which the scrapping and pressing action happened and proper mixing of the Ragi flour in ghee done. Only a new problem found with this modified blade design is the small block at the central portion is properly mixing. For this final modification in the blade profile done and installed alongwith teflon sheet scrappers at the end and trial taken using 350gm Ragi flour and 150gm Ghee. The video of trial is as below.

This is final successful trial of the Nachani (Ragi) flour roaster.


Learning and use of Arduino 

For auto reversing of motor the dual relay module with Arduino Leonardo is installed. I started to understand the basics of Arduino connections and coding with the help of Avinash who is working with me as Research Fellow.

img_20180911_213853.jpg
Arduino and Dual Relay Module

With the help of Arduino the auto reversing of motor is done in which motor runs in clockwise direction for 10 seconds and anticlockwise for next 10 seconds.

Arduino Code For Auto-Reversing of Motor –

int in1 = 2;
int in2 = 3;
void setup() {
  
}
void loop() {
  pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
  pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(in2,  LOW);
   delay(7000);
  digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
  delay(7000);
   

}

Motor Troubleshooting

Before the final trial of Nachani Roaster the motor stops running. To know what happened with motor I checked all connections of motor. But all the connections were looking right. Then I dismantle the motor and checked the connections inside the motor, I found blue color wire was burnt. So, I repaired it and assembled the motor and the final trial taken.

From this I physically checked and troubleshooted the motor 1st time.

IMG_20180829_123632
Motor Troubleshooting

Final Trial at Taleghar

Date –  22 September 2018.

Trial of Nachani Roaster taken at Falode, Taleghar using 450 gm of Nachani flour and ghee. Roasting done was very good. The handling of machine done completely by the people who work there, all of them satisfied with the results and functionality of machine. Following are the images taken during trial.

WhatsApp Image 2018-09-25 at 10.58.54 AM
WhatsApp Image 2018-09-25 at 10.58.53 AM
WhatsApp Image 2018-09-25 at 10.58.56 AM

2. Design Details With Modifications

Posted by AMOL KHAMKAR on 27 OCT 2018EDIT

Modifications For increasing Capacity :

  • Installation of High capacity Motor-

To increase capacity of current nachani roaster, Following are the specifications of AC Synchronous Motor that is to be use.

Motor Details –

Torque – 10 Kg-cm

1 PH, 60 Watts, 240 V AC, 50 Hz, 250 mA

Trial Details after motor installation –

Materials –

  1. Besan Flour – 750 gm
  2. Ghee – 300 gm

Total Weight – 1050 gm

Observations –

  1. Trial completed successfully
  2. Motor run without stalling
  3. Even roasting occur without charring

Nachani Roaster CAD Designs With Details –

Final Assembly

Nachani Roaster Detail (2).JPG
Design With Part Names
Nachani Roaster
Final Assembly
  1. Motor Frame 
Motar Frame.JPG
Motor Frame Design
Motor Frame Detail.JPG
Motor Frame Detail

2. Motor

Motor.JPG
Motor Model

3. Handle

Handle.JPG
Handle
Handle Deatail.JPG
Handle Details

4. Mounting Ring

Mounting Ring.JPG
Mounting Ring
Ring Detail.JPG
Ring Details

5. Stand Rod

Stand.JPG
Stand Rod
Rod Detail.JPG
Rod Details

6. Stirrer Shaft

Stirrer Shaft.JPG
Stirrer Shaft
Shaft Detail.JPG
Shaft Details

7. Electronics Controls Box

Electronics controls having following components

  • Arduino Leo Nardo
  • Dual Relay Module
  • Resistor
  • Capacitor
  • 12 V DC power Supply
  • On- Off Switch

The box is made of Acrylic and cut using LASER Cutting machine in Fablab.

Electronics Box.JPG
Electronics Controls Box
Front
Front
Bottom
Bottom
Left Side.JPG
Left Side
Right Side.JPG
Right Side
Rear.JPG
Rear
Top
Top

8. Stirrer Blade

Following is the final design of Stirrer blade cut using CNC Plasma Cutting Machine.

Stirrer Blade.JPG
Blade
Blade Detail.JPG
Blade Detail

Bill of Materials –

Sr. No.DescriptionMaterial/DetailsNo. of UnitsMaterial Quantity
1AC Synchronous motor10 Kg.cm torque11
2Stirrer shaftEN8 polish bar145 cm
3Stirrer bladeMS CRCA 1.5 mm11 sq. ft.
4Allen boltM4* 25 mm44
5Motor mounting frameL angle 25*25*2 mm 460 cm
6StandSquare bar 10*10 mm4180 cm
7Vessel mounting ringFlat plate 10*2 mm1210 cm
8Nut and boltsM8* 25mm44
9Nut and boltsM6* 25mm1212
10Arduino Leonardo/Uno11
11Dual relay module11
12On/off switch11
13Two pole switch 11
14Panel box150*100*50 mm11

https://www.hindustantimes.com/pune-news/campus-connect-sneak-peak-into-innovations-from-pune-s-vigyan-ashram/story-vLExCyLt4KupSYcEp2iQ6K.html

Nachani Roaster Technology Dissemination

As the requirement or problem statement was actually raised by SHG Shahid Rajguru Svayansevi Sanstha at village Falode, Taleghar the proof of concept and 1st prototype was tested successfully. The successful demonstration given to the above organization. The solution developed was appropriate as per there requirement, so they have given order of development of 5 kg batch size roaster machine. The machine was developed and deployed to Shahid Rajguru Svayansevi Sanstha Falode.

With using the roasting machine they are able to fulfill the production requirements 3 times more than that of done manually. So, there productivity is increased by 3 times also safety for women at workplace increased. The manual efforts for the operation reduced.

The roasting machine deployed is shown below.

Image: 5 Kg batch size roaster at Shahid Rajguru Svayansevi Sanstha Falode, Taleghar

Reach us for simillar requirements if any…….

Thank You