Objective:

  1. To analysis the parameters in soil
  2. To check the material balancing of soil, fertilizer and spinach

Introduction :

The case study is related to  interaction effect among N,P,K, soil moisture ,water holding capacity and evapotranspiration application on some biochemical parameters of soil.

This study aims to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium along with chemical and nutrition value of spinach plant. The soil to plant transfer of nutrients is the result from interactions between plant and soil process.

5/08/2022 to 15/08/2022

We take measurement of bed. I have calculated the area where I want to plant spinach

1) Prepared a bed for plantation of spinach

2) Put the plastic paper on the surface of bed

3) Put the soil on this paper and levelled of soil

4)  Create a same levelled on all side.

16/08/2022

We prepared a bed for our project . Adding layer of soil on this bed.

Calculation:

We take measurements of bed

Area of square bed= (Side)2

                                   = (2.2)2

                                      =2.2m×2.2m

                                     = 4.84m2

19/08/2022

We purchase spinach seeds from market. Then we sowing spinach seed on the bed by the 20cm of each spinach . Give water to the seeds. 13 rows and 13 columns in this bed. All seeds are 169

Spinach seeds
plantation of spinach

20-08-2022 to 25-08-2022

Soil testing :

Testing of N,P, and K
Sr.No.Nutrients in soilResult
1) NitrogenVery low
2)potassiumVery High
3)PhosphorousVery low

25-08-2022 to 27-08-2022

Water holding capacity in soil.:

work
Water holding capacity

Procedure of calculating the water holding capacity:

  1. Take 100 gm of dry soil in the plot.
  2. Take 200 ml water.
  3. Take a measuring cylinder 1000ml.
  4. Take a filter paper and fold the paper into the corners and put on the measuring cylinder
  5. Then added the 100 gm of soil to that cone shaped filter paper.
  6. 100gm of soil was taken and 200ml water on that soil. Measure the 200ml water by beaker.
  7. After 1hr we observed 150ml of water quantity in the measuring cylinder.
  8. Water holding capacity of soil was determined by using the following formula.

Water holding capacity :

= ( Total water added – Water retained in the measuring) ÷ Dry weight of sample X 100

{[ (200ml – 150)÷100}X 100

= 50%

The water holding capacity in soil is 50%

28-08-2022

Watering is done to spinach

1-09-2022 to 5-09-2022

Soil moisture

Procedure of Soil moisture :

  1. Take 100gm soil from soil bed.
  2. Weigh that soil by weighing machine
  3. Kept 100gm soil in oven for 105 degree Celsius.
  4. Take reading after every 1 hr.
  5. Repeat the process until the reading is constant.
Sr. No.DateWeight of soil sample 1st Reading 2nd Reading 3rd Reading 4th Reading 5th Reading Constant weight
105/09/2022100868177767676

Formula for calculating moisture content:

{(Weight of moist soil- weight of dry soil)÷weight of dry soil}×100

={(100-76)÷76}×100

=31.57 %

06-09-2022

Spread the insecide on spinach beacause there were many insects on it.

Spraying insecticide

Calculate the moisture content in soil.

Sr. No.Date Weight of soil (gm)1st Reading (gm)2nd Reading (gm)3nd Reading(gm) 4 th Reading (gm)Constant wt(gm)
112/09/20221008783787878

The constant weight of soil is 78 gm

Formula for calculating moisture content

{(Weight of moist soil- weight of dry soil)÷weight of dry soil}×100

= {(100-78)÷78}×100

= 28.20 %

Nutrients Dosing

The following nutrients are given to plants:

Sr. noNutrientsfor 1 Liter in mgFor 5Liter in gm
1Potassium Nitrate ( KNO3)5002.5
2Calcium Nitrate (CaNO3)1920.96
3Monoammoniumphospours ( NH3PO4)830.41
4Potassium sulphate ( K2SO4)2881.44
5Magnesium sulphate ( MgSO4)6313.15

15/09/2022 to 17/09/2022

We checked the PH, EC and OC in soil.

  1. Procedure for checking pH in soil

Test procedure-

  1. Take reagent pH-1 in test bottle No. 1 up to 5 ml. mark.
  2. Add 2 flat spoonful of soil (2gm) in bottle no. 1 with the help of funnel.
  3. Put cap and mix by gentle inversion for one minute . Allow the bottle to stand for 10 minutes. Soil will settle and separate to leave clear liquid layer on the top
  4. Insert the pH colour chart in the comparator unit. Now the pH colour comparator can be used for matching of pH test colour.
  5. Place the bottle no. 1 in pH Colour comparator and matching the colour of top liquid layer with colours on the comparatpor. Read soil pH directly on comparator
  6. So our pH is 8.5

Procedure for EC in soil

Test procedure-

  1. Take 50ml of distilled water in a beaker
  2. Take 100mg soil
  3. Add 1gm of soil in beaker
  4. mix well
  5. By using EC meter checked the EC in soil
  6. EC of our soil is 233

Precedure for OC in soil

Test Procedure

  1. Using 100mg spoon, take one spoonfull of finely ground soil in test bottle No. 1
  2. To the bottle No. 1 add 0.5ml of reagent OC-1 with the help of 1ml. green coloured syringe
  3. To the bottle no. 1 add 80 drops of reagent OC-2 and mix by gentle swirling.. Put cap. Wait for 30 minutes.
  4. Add reagent OC-3 to make the level in the bottle No. 1 upto 5ml. mark mix by gentle swirling. Allow the bottle to stand for 5 minutes. Soil will settle and separate to leave clear liquid layer on the top.
  5. Insert the organic carbon colour chart in the camparator unit. Now the organic carbon camparator can be used for matching organic carbon test colour.
  6. Place the bottle in organic colour camparator and match the colour of top liquid layer with the colour slots on comparator and holding the comparator against day light.
  7. Organic Carbon in our soil is very low.

Observations before plantation of spinach :

Sr. noNitrogenPhosphorous Potassium Water holding capacity Soil moisture PHECOC
1)Very low (140kg/ha) Very less(7kg/Ha)Potassium ( 8 drops required ) 50%31.57%8.5233Very low ( 0%)

Observations after harvesting of spinach in soil :

Sr. No.Nitrogen Phosphorous Potassium Water holding capacity Soil moisture PH ECOC
1) Very less( 140kg/ha) very less( 7kg/ha)12 drops required 50%26%9.255Very high(0.4%)

Conclusion:

  1. The nitrogen and phosphorous in our soil is constant but potassium is increased.
  2. Water holding capacity of soil is also remain constant.
  3. Organic carbon in our soil is increased.
  4. As the soil layer in plot decreased, our spinach was falling down. so we planted another plot.
  5. Due to late germination all spinach are not grown well.